Propuesta de lineamientos para una guía nacional de modelación numérica y transporte de contaminantes en el suelo de aguas residuales no domésticas tratadas, de acuerdo al marco normativo ambiental vigente

Abstract

The soil resource is increasingly vulnerable to contamination, either by natural or anthropogenic agents, causing great concern due to its importance and the lack of knowledge regarding how a contaminant behaves when it enters the soil. That is why, in this work, the guidelines for a national guide for numerical modeling and transport of pollutants in the soil of treated non-domestic wastewater are proposed, according to the current environmental regulatory framework. The foregoing was carried out through three phases: the definition of the general aspects on the modeling of pollutants in the soil, taking into account the soil baseline, groundwater baseline, discharge disposal system, mathematical model of the soil resource, main components of the modeling, description of the variables to model, advantages and limitations of the modeling and modeling methods; as well as the determination of nine essential phases for the selection of the criteria to be used in the modeling of pollutants in the soil for treated non-domestic wastewater discharges, in which the modeling protocol, goals and objectives of the study, studies and information gathering, conceptual model formulation, model code selection or development, model calibration, model validation, sensitivity analysis, and scenario simulation; and finally, the identification of case studies in which these guidelines would be applied, taking into account the Policy for Sustainable Land Management - PGSS, the projects, works or activities that generate non-domestic treated wastewater to the ground, the permit of dumping to the ground and the environmental evaluation of the dumping, the last two, according to Decree 1076 of 2015. However, the existence of shortcomings in the application of the proposed guidelines continues to be observed, due to gaps in the Colombian regulatory framework regarding the physicochemical and microbiological conditions of groundwater, as well as the lack of existing models for the characteristics of our soils., as well as a definition of land use, taking into account the discharges that it may receive.