Análisis estadístico de los efectos de la cuarentena por Covid 19 en la calidad del aire de Bogotá y 20 ciudades del mundo (Enero a Julio de 2020)

Abstract

In the year 2020, several lockdowns were put into effect on many cities, due to the Covid-19 pandemic. These lockdowns had a significant effect on the air quality of these cities, urban areas. After collecting and analyzing air quality data from the WAQI database, evidence of this trend was found for the city of Bogota, Colombia, using statistical analysis (descriptive statistics, analysis of variance, correlation). Another 20 cities around the world were selected, analyzed and compared with Bogota, with this same methodology, comparing variables like: population, area, elevation, GDP and emissions standards, using principal component analysis, which led to the conclusion that, in comparison, Bogota had a significant reduction in air pollution (PM10 and NO2), but not of PM2.5, due to events that led to high concentrations of air pollutants (fires and sand transport). It was also determined that Bogota had a change of great magnitude between the phases quarantine and reactivation, which indicates a fast reactivation for those activities that contribute to air pollution, trend that was not present on most cities, where the reactivation phase showed a slight change. Finally, a modelation (ETS and ARIMA) was done for the monthly air concentration data, to compare scenarios of no quarantine reduction and reduction of air pollutants concentration, showing that cities like Bogota, Wuhan, Shenzhen, Santiago, or New Delhi have a great potential for improving air quality, by implementing