Ensayos preliminares para la obtención de nanopartículas de plata (AgNPs): la importancia del método químico
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This research project will compare and evaluate two traditional synthesis methods comprised by the citrate synthesis based on the methodology proposed by (Pillai & Kamat, 2004) and sodium borohydride based on the methodology proposed by (Lee & Meisel, 1982) and two non-traditional methods based on the principles of "green" chemistry comprised by the synthesis with glucose based on the methodology proposed by (Raveendran, Fu, & Wallen, 2003) and aqueous extract of rose petals based on the methodology for the phytochemical synthesis proposed by (Logeswari, Silambarasan, & Abraham, 2015). To this end, conditions were established that directly influence the synthesis, such as the heating temperature, concentration and quantity of the reactants, agitation, pH, speed of addition of the reducing agent and the use of different reducing agents for each methodology together with the costs of the reagents and the toxicology of the reducing agents. The identification of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was carried out by means of indications such as the intensity of yellowish or brown coloration, turbidity and Tyndall effect together with quantitative indicators such as absorbance and λ in ranges of 400nm-450nm to through UV / Vis spectrophotometry. It being found that, using silver nitrate as a precursor salt, the aqueous extract of rose petals as a stabilizing agent in a basic medium at a ratio of 7:15, presence of agitation, addition of the reducing agent by dripping, temperature close to 40 ° C , reaction time of 15 minutes and the use of a biopolymer as a stabilizing agent in a concentration greater than 1.2%, obtaining under this method a mean absorbance of 2.42 together with a λ between 400-410nm, recommending the use of instrumental methods such as electron transmission microscopy (TEM) and atomic force (AFM) to characterize the size and morphology of the synthesized nanoparticles.