Evaluación de la trayectoria de la restauración a través de las aves: análisis de la recuperación de la composición y las interacciones en un bosque andino
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In the tropics, ecological restoration has increased considerably in the last 20 years and has been considered a fundamental activity to reverse the degradation of ecosystems (Meli, 2003; Vargas, 2011). In spite of the amount of existing restoration projects, there are few who after their implementation carry out monitoring (Murcia & Guariguata, 2014). Andean forests, due to their high degree of loss of coverage and fragmentation, have recently been subject to ecological restoration processes (Castaño, 2010).In Colombia, several restoration projects have been developed, both in wetlands and in forests, as an attempt to recover ecosystems degraded by urban expansion and land use changes (Castaño, 2010; Rojas, 2017; Vargas, 2011). One of these experiences occurred in the La Poma Ecological Park, a reserve belonging to the Chamber of Commerce of Bogotá and which is one of the first sites in Colombia where work has been done to recover the Andean forest (Castillo, 2006). In this Ecological Park, the Corporate Environmental Corporation that depends on the Chamber of Commerce of Bogotá has been developing a restoration process for 22 years through the green leaves project that is still in operation. However, there has been no follow-up on the extent to which the composition and function of this ecosystem have been recovered.Therefore, the purpose of the present investigation was to evaluate, through the birds, the trajectory of the restoration of a dry pre-Andean Andean forest in the La Poma Ecological Park. Thus, the first chapter presents how, 22 years after the restoration process, the bird community has recovered in terms of composition. For this, the bird community, abundance and wealth were characterized, as well as the trophic groups present in the two forests. In the second chapter, forest recovery was evaluated based on the potential reestablishment of seed dispersal interactions, which was carried out based on the comparison of the potential interactions established only by fruit birds and ornithographic plants, from the mutual networks approach, and the differences between these networks between the restored forest and the reference forest were analyzed. These two chapters allowed us to have a more comprehensive view of birds as indicators of the recovery of a dry Andean forest after a restoration process and the limitations or not of assessing from just one attribute of biodiversity (composition, structure or function) such recovery.