Evaluación del aceite esencial extraído de pelargonium graveolens L'Hér. y lippia Alba (Mill.), aplicado a soportes de papel de carácter patrimonial. aspectos químicos y microbiológicos.

Abstract

The fungicidal activity of the essential oil (EO) of P. graveolens was evaluated in three isolates of fungi isolated from documentaries and furnishings of the Biblioteca Nacional de Colombia, as well as the effect of its application on paper specimens of character Handcrafted in the mid-eighteenth century. The extraction of the EO was made from Fresh and dried leaves from the municipality of Chia (Cundinamarca) by steam distillation that serves the dry leaves of the highest yield; the components were identified by GC-MS and Kovats indexes, predominantly monoterpenes (54.78%) and sesquiterpenes (10%). The major compounds were trans-geraniol (29.9%), β-citronellol (10.51%), β-linalool (6.11%), (-) aristolene (4.4%) and (-) mentone (4,17%) results. In the evaluation of the antifungal activity of the dry leaves EO are established that present the fungicidal action when 1% (ethanol: EO solution) is applied in strains of Strachybotrys, Fusarium and Penicillium genera. The chemical effects of EO application on four groups of paper samples were evaluated: two accelerated aging and two untreated, one of the groups applied 1% diluted oil and quantified reducing sugars by the Dubois Method and pH, evidencing a significant increase of the first in the aged samples and a respective decrease of the pH; However, it is possible that the use of EO does not significantly contribute to this increase. According to the results obtained, EO of leaves of P. graveolens is suggested as a possible natural product for the control of the biodeterioration caused by fungi in patrimonial documents.