Estudio de los dípteros (Insecta: Diptera) presentes en la Reserva Natural Las Palmeras, Cubarral - Meta

Abstract

The Piedmont in a Colombian Orinoquía is considered a biological corridor, has characteristics such as high rainfall, oxygen production and abundant water sources, which allow the development of a great biodiversity. However, the works in artropofauna are scarce. The diptera order being one of the most abundant and widely distributed insect groups in the world for its wide spectrum of ecological roles as pollinators, predators, parasitoids, phytophages or vital members of decomposition processes in both plant and animal waste, among others, have been considered vital for understanding the diversity of many ecosystems. Therefore, the present investigation studied the diversity of the diptera present in Las Palmeras Natural Reserve, Cubarral - Meta, in four study zones, taking into account their degree of conservation. Different methods of collection were used: Flight Interception, Malaise Trap, Pitfall Traps, Van Someren - Rydon, additionally, an effort was made to collect manual and jameo with entomological Network of 1 hour per day, for each zone, during six days, during the months of november 2016 to january 2017. The individuals collected were preserved in 96% alcohol and were determined from dichotomous keys and specialized texts under the guidance of expert taxonomists in the study groups up to the most specific taxonomic level possible. To measure the diversity of these insects in the zones studied, diversity analysis, effective diversity were carried out using the Hill & Hill series, multivariate analyzes such as ACP and ACM, a similarity analysis and a multidimensional scaling analysis -nMDS- and ANOSIM under the Bray- Curtis estimator. A high diversity of diptera was found, 3310 individuals were collected distributed in 42 families y 89 morpho types. The family Drosophilidae represented with three morpho types, was the most abundant. Likewise, equity and fairness is high, while dominance is low. According to the ACP and the ACM it was found that morphho type Tabanid morpho 1 is associated to the area of Palms, for the case of the Path of the Puma morph type Tanyderid morpho 2, for the Sendero el Vergel zone morphotype Bibionid morpho 1 while for the Comino zone the genera Boetcheria aff morpho 1, Hydrotea aff morpho 1 and Tricharaea aff morpho 1. On the other hand, similarity analyzes show that the zones studied in the reserve do not differ from each other, sharing several groups of registered diptera, such as Chirnonomid morpho 1, Sciarid morpho 1, Curtonot morpho 1, Sphaeroc morpho 1 and Eumesembrinella morpho 1. The main results of this research contribute to the knowledge of the artropofauna especially diptera in areas of ecological importance as the Piedmont Piedemonte, which has been affected by human intervention, causing deforestation and loss of water in these ecosystems considered natural reservoirs.