Manual de procedimientos para la conservación catastral en los municipios

Abstract

The implementation of the Multipurpose Cadastre in Colombia, conceived as a State policy through Law 1955 of 2019 (National Development Plan 2018-2022), represents a structural transformation of the traditional cadastral model. This policy seeks to guarantee the legal security of property rights, strengthen local governments, and promote efficient land-use planning through complete, up-to-date, and accessible property information. In this new scenario, cadastral maintenance is configured as an essential process to ensure the continuous validity of property information in cadastral systems. According to Resolution 1040 of 2023 from the Agustín Codazzi Geographic Institute (IGAC), maintenance includes the permanent registration of physical, legal, and economic changes to properties, such as modifications to boundaries, area, address, ownership, and use. However, despite the existence of an updated regulatory framework, the implementation of maintenance processes presents significant operational deficiencies. Currently, there is no unified technical manual that allows cadastral managers and operators to execute the required procedures in a standardized and efficient manner. The lack of clear practical guidelines, especially regarding the operational application of the LADM-COL model (Land Administration Domain Model adapted to Colombia), has resulted in fragmented and heterogeneous management across territories, affecting the quality, consistency, and interoperability of cadastral information.

The LADM-COL model, mandatory according to Resolutions 1040 of 2023 and 1149 of 2021, establishes a data structure designed to represent not only geospatial objects but also the legal and administrative relationships of properties. However, there are currently no operational tools to facilitate its adoption in conservation processes, creating a gap between technical regulations and the operational reality of municipalities.

This methodological gap particularly affects municipalities that, due to decentralization and the progressive empowerment of cadastral managers, assume responsibilities without sufficient technical support. In these contexts, the lack of standardized procedures limits legal certainty, coordination with the National Cadastral Information System (SINIC), and integration with other systems such as the Registry of Public Instruments or Territorial Planning Plans.

Consequently, there is an urgent need to develop a technical and operational manual that consolidates practices, standardizes procedures, incorporates the LADM COL model, and ensures compliance with current regulations.