Diseño e implementación de un sistema para el tratamiento de aguas residuales fundamentado en procesos de rizofiltración y lechos orgánicos filtrantes capaces de disminuir el contenido de grasas y aceites presentes en una muestra de agua residual procedente de una sucursal de la Empresa Mimos S.A.

Abstract

The general objective of the research work carried out in the following pages responds to the design of a system for the treatment of wastewater whose operating principle synergistically articulates the rizofiltration processes and the filter beds constructed from organic material in order to modify the Physicochemical properties of wastewater samples from the ice cream distribution chain MIMOS SA, whose collection point is located in the Centro mayor 2 shopping center in the city of Bogotá. It is necessary to emphasize that for the realization of the filters, materials of organic origin were used such as: coconut mesocarp, eggshells, corn husk, coffee beans, sand, activated charcoal and ¼ gravel; For the selection of these materials, the chemical properties reported in research papers used as bibliographic sources and reference framework were taken into account. The initial characterization of the wastewater complied with the minimum regulatory parameters, these being: ph , total solids, sedimentable solids, fats, hardness, alkalinity-, and COD once these parameters were determined, a primary treatment involving a coagulation simulation and subsequent removal of solids by sedimentation, followed by a secondary treatment that involves the functionality of the filter. As preliminary results it was determined that: (1) Type B aluminum sulfate was imposed as the coagulant with the highest removal rate, reaching values of up to 98.87%. (2) The organic material that achieved the highest fat retention percentage was the coconut mesocarp, after a constant stirring process for three hours, with an experimental retention value of 96.86%. (3). The prototype filter designed with coconut mesocarp 2 presented the highest percentage of fat and oil removal with 97.3% and a decrease in COD values of 86% with respect to the initial values. However, the evaluation of the rizofiltration process allowed to establish: (1) a 48.54% reduction with respect to the COD initial values, a 39.9% reduction for the percentage of sedimentable solids. It should be noted that no presence of fats and oils was detected in the water samples collected after the use of the filter curl, the product of the previous one is concluded by establishing a percentage of removal approximately 100% with respect to the initial values of said parameter The results obtained during the experimental phase show, on the one hand, the intrinsic effectiveness of rizofiltration processes and filter beds individually, but even more importantly, they demonstrate the potential to modify the physicochemical properties of wastewater bodies when said Tools are articulated synergistically in a single integral system