Análisis preliminar y síntesis de MOF HKUST-1 y MOF-5 para la adsorción de diclofenaco en solución acuosa

Abstract

This study presents the preliminary synthesis and characterization of the Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs) HKUST-1 and MOF-5, aimed at evaluating their potential for the adsorption of the pharmaceutical compound diclofenac (DCF) in aqueous solution, considered an environmentally persistent emerging contaminant. Both materials were synthesized through a solvothermal reflux method, using Cu(NO₃)₂·3H₂O and trimesic acid (H₃BTC) for HKUST-1, and Zn(NO₃)₂·6H₂O and terephthalic acid (H₂BDC) for MOF-5. The materials were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis. The results confirmed the correct structural formation of both MOFs, highlighting HKUST-1 for its high surface area (1560 m²/g), predominant microporosity (70%), and total pore volume of 0.69 cm³/g. These parameters indicate a strong potential for diclofenac adsorption. In contrast, MOF-5 exhibited lower yield and structural stability. Finally, concludes that HKUST-1 is a promising candidate for the removal of pharmaceutical contaminants from wastewater and recommends further structural characterization and adsorption testing.