Impacto del conflicto armado en la escuela colombiana, caso departamento de Antioquia, 1985 a 2005

Abstract

Colombia has a history of sociopolitical violence, from its very birth as a Nation State; The Liberal conservative violence of the forties and fifties, generated a massive displacement to the cities and the cost in lives was very high. The emergence in the sixties of the leftist guerrillas posed a possibility of change in the government and of overcoming this violence; However, in the 1980s another component came to complicate the panorama of the armed conflict: drug trafficking. In the 1990s, paramilitarism was consolidated and the country experienced armed conflict from barbarism and annihilation. The Constitution of 1991 was constituted in a political agreement that recognizes the Human Rights, the plurality and the multiethnic, with mechanisms of protection, favoring the institutionality; However, this was not enough to contain and overcome the armed conflict. At the beginning of the decade of 2000 there was the demobilization of about 30,000 paramilitaries, a process that caused suspicions because of their lack of clarity and the impunity associated with it; Despite this demobilization, violence continues in the country, with high social, economic and political costs. In the last six decades the country has experienced multiple violence, with different causes and ways of acting; The central actors have been the guerrillas, the paramilitaries (drug traffickers) and the criminals. The practice of mass murders - masajes - increased and the logic of confrontation since the territorial dispute, generated a displacement of more than 3 million Colombians in the last 20 years. The department of Antioquia, because of its geopolitical, social, economic and environmental conditions, has occupied a prominent place in the history of violence in Colombia. With a manufacturing industry, with an important position in the international financial capital, with lands rich in diverse crops, with livestock and exploitation of gold and coal mines, it has counted on the presence of illegal armed actors -FARC, ELN and paramilitaries-, Supported by drug traffickers, with capos such as Pablo Escobar, the Castaño brothers, among others, which has led to a panorama of political violence and the dispossession of land to peasants.