Valoración económica del daño en la salud por enfermedades respiratorias agudas (ERA) en niños de cero a cinco años causadas por material particulado (PM2.5), en la localidad de Fontibón en la ciudad de Bogotá, a través de la metodología costos beneficio

Abstract

Bogotá is considered one of the most polluted cities in the country, in turn, within the most polluted localities for particulate matter of the city is Fontibón. This is mainly due to the presence of fixed sources and mobile sources of pollution, which, due to their incidence, can generate Acute Respiratory Diseases. This investigation, in the first instance, sought to determine what would be the main environmental cause for which ERA is caused in children under five years of age in the town of Fontibón, in the city of Bogotá. Secondly, the relationship between the concentrations of PM2.5 in the area was determined, together with the cases of ARD that were presented in the Fontibón hospital, in order to determine it as a direct environmental cause. Subsequently, it was necessary to calculate the direct and indirect costs that are affected because children present this type of pathologies, these include: the costs of prevention and treatment and labor costs and schooling. Finally, a strategy focused on risk contamination is formulated as a tool for the prevention of ERA in children under five years of age in the Fontibón locality, and in this way perform a cost-benefit analysis between the direct and indirect costs in which incur the population and the State by ERA, and the cost of implementing the strategy, which would generate an economic and social benefit.