Apoyo al diagnóstico ambiental y evaluación de la gestión de los residuos industriales del subsector económico de la comercialización de autopartes, servicios de reparación, mecánica automotriz y actividades conexas, en el municipio de Soacha Cundinamarca

Abstract

The automotive industry includes the assembly of vehicles (light trucks and buses) and motorcycles, as well as the production of auto parts and parts and the respective replacement market. Within the automotive sector, there is the economic subsector of the sale of auto parts, repair services, auto mechanics and related activities, which although it is economically important, it generates industrial waste that, due to its dangerous and toxic characteristics, causes environmental impacts that influence negatively in the welfare of the population and ecosystems, if these are not managed properly. Due to the above, we seek to support the construction of the environmental diagnosis and the evaluation of the management of industrial waste in the economic subsector of the commercialization of auto parts, repair services, automotive mechanics and related activities, as a contribution to the information processes of the municipality. from Soacha Cundinamarca. For the development of this environmental diagnosis, 3 methodological phases were implemented: in phase 1 - information collection, the compilation of bibliographic and normative references was carried out, and based on this, the information was collected in the field, through the selection of a representative sample at the municipal level and the use of a previously designed digital form in Survey123; in phase 2 - environmental characterization, we proceeded to consolidate and graph the results obtained regarding the water, soil, landscape, air, biotic and socioeconomic components, including pertinent cartography and analyzing the information in an integral manner; and in phase 3 - evaluation of industrial waste management, the results were also consolidated and graphed, in order to know the behavior of the different waste generated by the automotive sector, including an environmental impact assessment matrix (Leopold) and a comprehensive analysis of this information, to identify the existence and possible implementation of the circular economy within the establishments. As a result, it was identified that the most developed economic activities are the maintenance and repair of motorcycles and their parts and pieces (4542), and the maintenance and repair of motor vehicles (4520); furthermore, that 64.25% of establishments are legal, while 35.75% are not. In terms of environmental characterization, the 6 components evaluated are basically affected by discharges, spills of dangerous substances, invasion of public space, emission of noise and odors, location of establishments in the protection zone of some water body or strategic ecosystem, and affectation to health due to improper handling or lack of protective equipment. Regarding the management of industrial waste, 175 establishments generate non-hazardous waste, 183 hazardous waste, and 69 special waste; In addition, the most waste generated by the automotive sector corresponds to used oil, followed by empty oil containers and scrap. Although some industrial waste is disposed of through a management entity, it is possible to identify that part of it does not present a correct final disposal, because it ends up in the garbage or being delivered to third parties, without knowing its handling and final destination. This allows recognizing the lack of clear and standardized policies for the sector, and the lack of environmental education, since in several establishments there is no knowledge about the negative consequences that these residues generate to the environment and human health; unaware of their obligations as RESPEL generators and the management that must be carried out with each of the waste generated. In conclusion, the automotive sector generates different impacts to the components of water, soil, air, landscape, biotic and socioeconomic, mainly due to the inadequate management of industrial waste generated, so it is important in the future, the formulation of the Management Plan. Environmental and the implementation of best industrial practices regarding the management and final disposal of waste, within the framework of the National Circular Economy Strategy - ENEC.