Diseño de la estructura organizacional y de coordinación de un observatorio basado en inteligencia colectiva
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The importance of the organizational structure in the performance of companies has been highlighted in the literature. In the traditional paradigm for the Operational Management, the “organizational structure” refers to the formal pattern of interactions that shows who depends on who and how tasks are divided, their relevance lies in aspects such as adaptability, agility in response and emergence of cooperative behaviors, among others. However, despite the relevance of the issue, there are no major advances regarding alternative organizational structures to traditional control hierarchies despite their limitations in information processing, and consequently in the impact they would have on performance, in particular to take advantage of the resources available in knowledge-intensive and geographically distributed organizations. The observatories of social dynamics composed of representatives of higher education institutions are an example of this type of organization, in which resources such as information, knowledge, experiences, materials, capital and technological infrastructure turn out to be valuable in the results of the observatory. The main contribution of this research lies in the design of an organizational structure for an observatory of social dynamics focused on employability and job placement. The proposal is based on two theoretical axes: collective intelligence (CI) and high reliability organizations, due to the capacity to use the resources available and efficient performance in complex environments respectively. The methodology for the development of the proposal is supported by grounded theory, in which the design emerges from the approaches made in previous research. In the first part, a review of the literature regarding the CI and the characteristics of high reliability organizations is presented. Based on the results of the review, in the second part, the proposed organizational structure for the observatory is presented, emphasizing the alternatives to divide and coordinate the work, and the key characteristics of the structure are presented to facilitate the use of the resources available.