Análisis de Implementación de Sistema de Apantallamiento Contra Descargas Atmosféricas en Campos Abiertos
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The lack of lightning rods in open fields has caused people to die or be injured by lightning while traveling or playing sports or doing outdoor activities; in recent years worldwide, the number of deaths has increased due to deficiencies in safety in open fields against atmospheric discharges, because we only think of comfort, in architectural designs, but not in security of the people.
Colombia, because of its geographical location in the tropical terrestrial zone, is located in the region with the highest lightning activity in the world. This statement is based on the research carried out by the PAAS-UN research group of the National University of Colombia for more than 35 years (Torres Sánchez, 2002). In 2012, the highest number of deaths of people occurred, in 2010 the greatest number of injured people and in 2014 the highest number of dead animals (Table 1). The large number of wounded people that were presented in 2010 correspond largely to a lightning event that occurred in the month of May in the municipality of San Rafael, department of Antioquia, in which approximately 112 people were injured due to an impact of lightning while the people were in a procession. On the other hand, the significant events of dead animals correspond to four reports, the first in 2010 occurred in the month of August in Puerto Boyacá, Boyacá department, in which one lightning strike killed 23 cattle, the second in June of the year 2012 occurred in the municipality of Tierra Alta, Córdoba, in which 28 cattle died, the third in the month of May of the year 2013 occurred in the municipality of Hato Corozal, Casanare, where 38 cattle died and finally in December of the year 2014 in Paz de Ariporo, Casanare died 43 cattle ((SAT), 2015).
Colombia is a vulnerable country, 50 people die every year due to this natural phenomenon, most of the deaths and injuries caused by lightning occur when people are in outdoor spaces during the summer months between noon and dusk, and especially in rainy days or electrical storms, unfortunately, is that the vast majority of news about lightning accidents are subject of a couple of days and then disappear without being given the importance they deserve.
That is why in this project seeks to analyze the implementation of a screening system that reduces the effects caused by atmospheric discharges in open fields, thus decreasing mortality rates due to this natural phenomenon. Analyzing and identifying the places with greater incidence or with greater incidence of atmospheric discharges, and a model of shielding system is proposed in front of electric shocks so that these are directed directly to the grounding without any risk.