Exosomas derivados de biopsia líquida y su potencial aplicación en el diagnóstico, pronóstico y tratamiento del cáncer

Abstract

Exosomes are extracellular microvesicles secreted by all cell types that have become highly important due to their potential clinical application for identification of new biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of neurodegenerative diseases and cancer, or to determine their potential therapeutic application. Since these vesicles are found naturally in body fluids such as blood, urine, or saliva, it is possible to isolate them from a liquid biopsy to analyze their content, explain their interaction with different cell populations (crosstalk), and determine their effect during the development of particular pathologies. In this review, we outline the latest findings related to the design and application of extracellular vesicle- based therapies, particularly exosomes, for the treatment of cancer or as biomarkers for disease diagnosis, prognosis, or monitoring.