Desarrollo y aplicación de recursos educativos para la realización de actividades sobre interacciones con la luz a estudiantes de básica primaria a través del programa Viva la Escuela

Abstract

In Colombia, rural education faces considerable challenges compared to urban areas. In this context, the “Programa de tutorias para el Aprendizaje y la Formación Integral” (PTAFI 3.0), promoted by the Ministry of National Education and previously known as "Viva la Escuela," emerges as an innovative initiative to reduce the significant inequalities, particularly concerning the quality of learning and equal access to opportunities. This program incorporates science, technology, art, and culture into the curriculum of rural institutions through "Centros de Interés", an educational approach that seeks to redefine time in school by allowing students to focus on a specific area of interest. This fosters holistic development as a process in which children, adolescents, and young people enhance their autonomy, ability to think, act, transform themselves, and recreate a life project, as outlined by the Ministry of National Education. As a PTAFI 3.0 intern, the goal is not only to conduct activities related to Physics but also to support the development of school management and simultaneously improve learning and school coexistence. This thesis is developed as part of an internship at the Institución Educativa Sevilla, located in the municipality of Sevilla, Valle del Cauca. As part of the internship and the PTAFI 3.0 implementation team, the necessary support processes were carried out to establish the "Talentos" center of interest within the IE Sevilla. Additionally, educational resources were designed and applied to teach concepts of optical physics to primary school students, aiming to facilitate the understanding of phenomena such as reflection, refraction, and color perception through additive and subtractive color mixing. To achieve this, didactic activities combining theory and practice were implemented with an interactive and experimental approach aimed at motivating students' interest and understanding. This thesis work contributed to professional and personal growth, as, upon completing this internship, an analysis was conducted of the challenges encountered during the process. First, it concludes on the activities developed around light phenomena, focusing on the importance of viewing physics as a fascinating experience-based game. This is followed by reflections on the implementation of PTAFI 3.0, understanding the complexities of the educational environment, and the need for collective commitment to drive change and improve the quality of education in the country. Thus, recommendations are made to strengthen similar initiatives in rural contexts.