Programa de mejoramiento para la producción de arándano con reducción de huella hídrica a partir de un diagnóstico del cultivo en la provincia de Ubaté

Abstract

The objective of this project is to formulate an improvement program for blueberry production, using alternatives to reduce the water footprint of blueberry crops in the municipality of Lenguazaque (Cundinamarca). Using a quantitative and descriptive methodology, a technical and environmental assessment of five crops was carried out, which allowed for the identification of the main variables associated with water consumption in the crop. This assessment is aimed at formulating strategies to reduce the water footprint, promoting a more efficient and sustainable use of water resources in the production system. The study addressed the use of agrochemicals, irrigation systems, and soil and climate conditions, and proposed sustainable alternatives such as drip irrigation and efficient agricultural practices. Through interviews, climate analysis, and agricultural water balance calculations, the main factors influencing crop water consumption were identified. The results show that blueberries are highly dependent on irrigation due to their shallow root system and high water demand, with the largest crop, covering an area of 8,000 m2 in the village of Estancia (17.4 L/kg), consuming more water than the smallest crop, covering an area of 750 m2 in the village of La Cuba (190.6 L/kg). showing an inverse correlation between crop size and water footprint magnitude, indicating that as the planted area decreases, water consumption per kilogram of blueberry produced increases. The other crops located in Resguardo (131.62 L/kg) and La Glorieta (88.84 L/kg) allowed us to identify the actual water consumption per kilogram of blueberries produced in each production unit. On the other hand, determining potential evapotranspiration and water footprint allowed us to ascertain the current state of water consumption for each crop according to its size, so it can be said that the smaller the scale of cultivation, the greater the water consumption will be. Therefore, it is essential to strengthen technical assistance, implement environmental requirements with optimal areas, and promote efficient irrigation systems to improve water use among small producers.