Estudio fitoquímico de los colorantes presentes en la especie Berberis Meollacensis L.A. Camargo (Berberidaceae)

Abstract

The species Berberis meollacensis L.A. Camargo is one of the colorants sources used by the IKA community located in the Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta for dying textile fibers, mainly cotton and stay in order to obtain yellow coloring. In this paper we present the results of a study of the chemical composition of the pre-determined metabolites in the acid, ethereal and chloroform; Obtained from the ethanolic root extract of the species. Throughout the Preliminary phytochemical analysis, it was established the presence of flavonoids, cardiotonic glycosides, terpenes, tannins, and steroids. It is consequent with the previous phytochemical study made to the same kind.The separation and purification by acid-base extraction allowed to get compounds of alkaloid type and of flavonoid type in the different fractions, which were identified through HPLC-DAD, GC-MS and 1H-NMR, using "reference patterns" as method for their Identification. Flavonols such as quercetin and alkaloids with protoberberine-like structures such as berberine, jatrorrhizine, berbamine and palmatine and benzylisoquinolines type such as protopine. These alkaloids are common to the phytochemistry of the genus Berberis and their presence in B. meollacensis is consistent with this chemotaxonomic feature.The analysis by HPLC-DAD of the colorant extracts obtained from cotton fibers stained with an aqueous extract of the species, determined that the main colorants present in the fibers were: berberine and jatrorrhizine. The textile quality tests on dyed material indicated that the coloring compounds of Berberis meollacensis give the material photoprotective capacity and fastness to the light, results that contribute to the assessment of native colorants.