Evaluación antioxidante (ABTS*+) y antifúngica del extracto total etanólico y las fracciones de Teloschistes exilis (Michx.) Vain
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Colombia has a high diversity of lichens, this is due to the geographical location it has and the variety of climates it presents, It is estimated that there could be a number greater than or equal to 3,600 species, in fact, Colombia is currently one of the most diverse countries in these organisms in compared to the records worldwide, but only until now, its vast diversity and scientific potential is explored. In the last years there has been a growing interest in the study of lichen biodiversity as a source of new natural products, since these produce potential secondary metabolites for pharmacological and industrial uses, especially for their antioxidant and antifungal properties. The aim of the study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity by the ABTS*+ method and to evaluate the antifungal activity against Penicillium digitatum and Aspergillus niger of the total ethanolic extract and fractions of different polarity. The total ethanolic extract was obtained in a Soxhlet equipment. Subsequently, a liquid/liquid fractionation was carried out with solvents of increasing polarity. The evaluation of the antioxidant capacity was carried out by the ABTS*+ technique and the evaluation of the antifungal activity by the agar diffusion method. With the ABTS*+ method the Ex. EtOH- Fr. MeOH showed a relative antioxidant activity with respect to the ascorbic acid of 37.58 and the Ex. EtOH - Fr. AcOEt of 47.06, the other fractions showed no activity. The evaluation of the antifungal activity of the total ethanolic extract and its fractions, showed that for each mg of fluconazole, was required 228.3 mg of Ex. EtOH-Fr. Petrol against Penicillium digitatum and 174.6 mg of Ex. EtOH -Fr. Petrol against Aspergillus niger, to obtain an equivalent sensitivity. Using ketoconazole as a standard, it was found that for each mg of this compound, was required 213.4 mg of Ex. EtOH-Fr. Petrol, against Penicillium digitatum and 465.6 mg of Ex. EtOH -Fr. Petrol versus Aspergillus niger. The fractions of medium and high polarity showed higher antioxidant activity, while the fractions of low polarity showed higher antifungal activity.