Impacto del Covid-19 en los sectores de la construcción, industria manufacturera, comercio y servicios, en Colombia durante el 2020

Abstract

The year 2020 brought with it the settlement of a health crisis that altered the daily life of humanity as it was known, thereby bringing socioeconomic effects in the short and medium term, facing world leaders to make decisions that would mitigate the impact of Covid-19, given that although the World Health Organization issued general recommendations, it was the leaders of each of the nations who determined the guidelines of how to deal with the problems that were generated as a result of this. With this panorama, it is necessary to evaluate what were the impacts of the crisis caused by the pandemic in Colombia, for which four economic sectors of the country are analyzed (Commerce, Manufacturing Industry, Construction and Services), which concentrated 62.9% of GDP for the year 2019 (DANE), 2021). The analysis is carried out through the behavior of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Employment and the Interest Rate offered by the Bank of the Republic to the financial system in 2020, which describe important elements of the country's macroeconomic situation. In addition to these variables, we worked with indicators from the Business Pulse survey such as: the State of the Operation, which is an indicator that quantifies the operation of companies during the health crisis and the Business Confidence Indicator (ICE) that quantifies the behavior and perception of the economic sectors in the short term, this arises from the need to evaluate the impact of Covid-19; and the Indicator of Monitoring the Economy (ISE) that has been prepared since 2005. The data come from databases of DANE, Bank of the Republic, the National Institute of Health and the World Bank, these were worked statistically using confidence intervals and correlations matrices in the software R. The work is developed in 4 chapters in the first presents the problem, objectives, justification, Methodology and the theoretical framework to be developed, in the second chapter presents a characterization of the sectors trade, manufacturing, construction and services, in the third chapter presents the variables and indicators of analysis in each of the sectors of study, the fourth chapter presents the conclusions and recommendations.