Análisis exploratorio de Patrones Puntuales para la identificación de la vulnerabilidad sísmica en el departamento del Quindío - Colombia entre los años 1993 a 2023

Abstract

This document presents an exploratory analysis of spatial point patterns, which allows examining seismic vulnerability in the department of Quindío between 1993 and 2023. This was made possible through the seismic catalogs of the Colombian Geological Service (SGC) and the United States Geological Survey (USGS), in which more than 1,300 recorded seismic events were analyzed using geostatistical and geospatial techniques. The methodology included data cleaning, descriptive analysis, cartographic visualization produced by the authors, and point pattern estimation through Kernel Density calculation, Ripley’s K-function, among others. The results show that seismicity in the department does not follow a random distribution; rather, it occurs in clustered patterns associated with active faults such as those of the Romeral System and the Armenia fault. The analysis revealed that most earthquakes were shallow and of low magnitude, with some exceptions such as the January 1999 event, which highlights the high seismic vulnerability of the territory. These findings demonstrate the great importance of integrating geostatistical tools and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) into risk management, as they provide essential information and inputs for planning aimed at prevention and resilience in each municipality of this department