Sensores moleculares basados en N-Heterociclos. Una revisión teórica en la detección de Cobre en diferentes muestras de importancia ambiental y biológica.
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The main objective of this document is to carry out a literature review of molecular sensors intended for the selective detection of Cu2+. This information was compiled from different articles published between the years 2016-2021. The collected data was organized taking into account the number of members present in the N-Heterocycles, which can be five or six, although the photophysical phenomenon was also taken into account by which the sensors exhibited a recognition signal through different response channels as chromogenic, fluorogenic or both. Similarly, the usefulness of chemosensors is highlighted with respect to the maximum concentration limit established by the WHO in drinking water and applications in the environmental and biological fields. In relation to the N-Heterocyclic compounds present in the chemosensors, it was found that those with six members predominate more, having a greater presence of pyridines and quinolines, although there are also five-member N-Heterocycles, in which pyrroles, indoles and pyrroles stand out. imidazoles. Additionally, since it is relevant to investigate the electronic behavior and the photophysical properties that occur in the molecules used as molecular sensors, it was possible to infer that of the articles consulted for this work, the phenomenon that occurred in the greatest proportion was PET. Finally, predominantly biological applications were found, which allowed the generation of fluorescence images by the in vitro and in vivo staining method of mammalian cell lines with outstanding characteristics such as good permeability to cells, low cytotoxicity, high cell viability, stability at biological pH and low detection limits. Environmental contributions are also highlighted in the qualitative and quantitative detection of copper (II) ions used in analysis of soils and natural, potable and residual water bodies, where 91.5% of the systems included are useful against the standard established by the WHO, which is 31.5 μM in copper.