Comparación de tres métodos de extracción para la obtención de ácido araquidónico a partir de tres muestras biológicas

Abstract

Arachidonic Acid is an essential Fatty Acid, polyunsaturated with 20 carbons, very important for the development of the cell membrane of the brain mass and precursor of different molecules indispensable in human metabolism. Several investigations have proven the role of arachidonic acid, and its derivatives, to treat inflammation that occurs in diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. The main problem is that there is no extraction method, based on a biological sample, that allows the extraction of a considerable quantity of the arachidonic acid, which is why its cost on the market for synthesis reagents is very high. The objective of this work is to test three methods for the efficient extraction of arachidonic acid from different types of biological samples. To extract the arachidonic acid, pig liver, beef brains and entrails of cachama are used. The methods used are Folch, Soxhlet and microwave assisted.Once extracted, the fatty acids are trans-stereified and their presence is verified by GC-MS chromatographic analysis. When the analysis was performed, the presence of arachidonic acid was found only in pig liver. However, the possible presence in the other samples is not ruled out by applying different solvents and conditions. Once the arachidonic acid has been identified, an anandamide synthesis method is tested in the extract.