Evaluación sérica de los niveles de GIP y GLP-1 y la expresión génica de sus receptores en niños y adolescentes obesos
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Various factors are involved in the process of energy homeostasis, as the glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) and the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), these act mainly by promoting insulin secretion in the presence of glucose. Previous studies suggest that these hormones may be related to obesity. However, researches are limited and they have not yet been able to establish this relationship, the latter also occurs with GLP-1R and GIPR receptors in extra-pancreatic tissues. The present study evaluated the levels of GLP-1 and GIP and its receptors in the blood tissue of obese children and adolescents and their relationship with biochemical parameters. The pre and post-glycemic serum levels of GLP-1 and GIP, as well as the relative expression of GLP-1R and GIPR in leukocytes was studied in 19 control and 18 obese participants between aged 6 - 17 years from the city of Bogotá. The preprandial levels of GLP-1 and GIP did not differ in terms of obesity, as did the potsprandial levels of GIP. GIPR and GLP-1R gene expression was identified in leukocytes from both groups. However, GLP-1R showed a significant reduction in the obese pediatric population and a negative association with the BMI percentile, basal insulin and HOMA index, and positively association with HDL cholesterol. The expression of both receptors in leukocytes suggests that these may be involved in immune responses. In particular, the decreased expression of GLP-1R suggests a role in anti-inflammatory and biochemical processes associated with insulin resistance and dyslipidemia in obese children and adolescents.