Comparación De Termitofauna En Plantaciones De Acacia Mangium Willd Y Eucalyptus Pellita F Muell, Bosque Natural Y Sabanas, Muestreadas Con Cebos Tipo Termitrap® Y Estacas
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Termites are key organisms in the dynamics of tropical forest ecosystems but some species can cause economic damages, particularly in forest plantations and it is therefore important to evaluate methods that allow representative monitoring. In order to study the subterranean termitofauna present in commercial forest plantations of Acacia mangium (1, 3 and 5 years old) and Eucalyptus pellita (2, 6, 8 and 14 years old) samplings were carried out in forest plantations in three sites of the Orinoquia in contrasting climatic times and at different planting ages. The sampling was developed in three linear transects of 50 m length per batch, placing bait traps (wood and corrugated cardboard) every 10 m (15 wooden baits and 12 Termitrap® type cardboard baits were used). Additionally, in each plot, environmental variables of the soil and structure of the plantation were measured. The baits remained exposed for a month, after which representative samples of the different species of termites were collected and the activity of the termites was estimated (incidence and severity) by qualifying the consumption of the baits using a scale of affectation. Savanna or pasture ecosystems and remnants of gallery forests were used as a benchmark for comparing the diversity of the area. 31 termite species were found in association with the exposed baits. The forest species, age, time and type of bait used significantly influenced the diversity of termites found. Thirteen species were found in 6-year-old E. pellita plantations in corrugated cardboard baits in the dry-wet transition, with the largest number of species and predominating H. tenuis. The highest incidence of bait consumption (87%) was observed in the plantations of E. pellita of 6 years, in the dry - wet transition. The majority of baits reached 25% of consumption mainly by Heterotermes tenuis, being this the dominant species in the sampling. The environmental variables that best explain the presence of termites were the high soil moisture content for the species H. convexinotatus and the high content of clays and aluminum for the species H. tenuis. It is concluded that the best time to perform sampling of subterranean termites with baits in plantations in the Orinoquia is the dry-wet transition, with Termitrap® type baits, as there is a greater wealth of subterranean termites, mainly of the Heterotermes genus.