Determinación a partir del muestreo y la caracterización de los microplásticos presentes en el sedimento y agua del tramo 2 al 4 del río Fucha en Bogotá, para establecer la concentración y el impacto toxicológico generado por los polímeros

Abstract

In this moment, there are many studies about the microplastic, because they can negatively affect water quality and the biodiversity of aquatic ecosystems. These are defined as polymer particles less than 5 mm in size, found in everyday products such as personal care items, synthetic clothing, and packaging, their presence has been registered in water sources worldwide. In a Colombian context, we have the Fucha River in Bogotá. This has a 73 km² long, this river is vital for the city and its basin, used for drainage of rainwater, irrigation of crops, and hydroelectric power generation, among other uses. However, anthropogenic activities are causing microplastic pollution in this body of water. The objective of the study was to analyze the presence of microplastics in sections 2 to 4 of the Fucha River, which pass through urban areas, and evaluate their environmental impact. Sediment and water samples were collected, and techniques such as microscopic observation and the use of infrared spectrometers were implemented to identify the types of microplastics present. The results were compared with data available in the literature, understanding there is no specific unit of measurement in environmental legislation for the concentrations of these particles. The study identified the higher concentrations points of microplastics, correlating them with factors such as morphology, precipitation, and socioeconomic factors. The data found provided a better understanding of the distribution and concentration of microplastics and their possible causes, the study provided valuable information about microplastics in the Fucha River and their impact, helping to expose the issue and prompting further investigation into this problem in fluvial ecosystems.