Comparación de la capacidad de carga de pilotes pre-excavados en Bogotá empleando los métodos asd y lrfd y los resultados de una prueba de carga

Abstract

The estimation of the bearing capacity of piles began to be recorded at the end of the 19th century by different authors who, by experimental methods, developed different equations to determine the bearing capacity by tip and by friction (shaft). These methods are called classical methods, since they are the first authors to record equations used to dimension this type of deep foundation. The project developed the calculation by the different methodologies taking into account that the soil to be evaluated is clayey and sandy-clayey, the classical methodologies used were the alpha method which yielded results of 2960.9 kN and 2072.3 kN of load capacity in shaft and the beta methodology which yielded a result of 8430.3 kN of load capacity in shaft. When the method for calculating the bearing capacity at the tip was analyzed, it was deduced that for this soil typology the Meyerhof method was used, which yielded results of 317.8 kN and 90.48 kN of bearing capacity per tip. Subsequently, LRFD "load factor design" methods were developed, which are reliably established as statistical procedures. This methodology is based on the incorporation of new factors that affect the calculations performed by classical methodologies. The result obtained by this methodology was 2885.4 kN of load capacity in the shaft and in the calculation of the bearing capacity per tip a value of 312.03 kN was obtained. Additionally, different computer programs have been created to estimate the bearing capacity values by entering basic information from the soil study of the specific zones and thus perform the calculations more quickly. In this case, the bearing capacity was verified using computer tools and the result obtained was 3092.6 kN for the bearing capacity per shaft and 90.48 kN for the bearing capacity at the tip. In addition, the project has base information for comparison which was taken directly from the soil study of the area to be evaluated, which in its process and calculation obtained a value of 1555.73 kN of bearing capacity in shaft and in the calculation of the bearing capacity per point yielded a result of 389.72 kN. Also in the study area, load tests were carried out on an individual pile to identify the real values of load capacity in the shaft, this test obtained a value of 3922.66 kN and for the calculation of the bearing capacity at the tip it yielded a value of 196.13 kN. Taking the above into account, the purpose of this degree project is to determine the differences in the calculation of the different classical and modern methodologies, taking into account a real value of a load test performed on a group of piles located in the study area, which is located in the savannah of Bogota, and to compare the results with the soil study of the evaluated area and the different classical and modern methodologies.