Formulación de estrategias para la implementación y fomento de fuentes no convencionales de energías renovables en zonas no interconectadas de Colombia

Abstract

Electric energy becomes a fundamental service in contemporary homes. necessity transcends in the sense that many elements need electrical energy for their operation, however, and despite the electricity supply reaches a large part of the homes In Colombia, there are certainly places where the service is intermittent, for hours or does not arrive, This is added to a low connection infrastructure in areas far from the centers. villages or the high costs associated with the construction of infrastructure to conduct the Energy. Other variables considered are related to aspects of the areas such as; geography, population dispersion, concentration of populations in regions, as well as the resistance of populations to infrastructure projects. Colombia's energy matrix prioritizes electricity generation from sources conventional, generation from hydroelectric plants is one of the technologies of greater implementation in areas of the Andean region, due to the fact that the orography facilitates systems, thermal generation and generation from combustion systems have a significant market within the territory, however conventional sources depend on large measure of the availability of non-renewable natural resources, despite said resources are still found, with high availability and reserves of fossil sources are the axis economic planning and development. What negatively impacts the horizon of transition of the current energy matrix and in the socio-environmental impacts that occur around exploitation projects and in society. Electric self-generation systems are born as the answer of the energy supply electricity in non-interconnected areas, through the implementation of large generators power, the high cost of fuel and the environmental externalities that these systems present, added to the reliability in the operation of the system are in part the problem that is addressed in the present work, one of the proposed alternatives is the generation of energy electricity from the implementation, promotion of the application of unconventional energies from renewable sources of energy in those areas that are far away of the central electrical distribution system or as cogeneration systems in systems already that have an impact on coverage, connectivity, increase reliability and the derived environmental impacts are reduced, the implementation of use and generation of electricity from renewable energies in the country is low near 1% compared to other generation systems (UPME 2018), there are barriers technological, economic, social and environmental that make it difficult to implement energy alternatives, therefore it is necessary to recognize and identify the particular needs of the regions, their income and the availability of the resource with the purpose of promoting through administrative, technical and cooperation strategies, actions that allow solving the access to electricity generating development in non-interconnected areas of the country. According to the diagnosis made and as a consequence of the analysis of the variables identified, strategies and potential scenarios are proposed for the application of actions that enable the execution and materialization of projects that transform resources natural renewable energy sources.