Análisis y evaluación de la expresión del gen ERS (receptor homólogo del etileno) y su relación con los genes EIN2 y ACO en papa criolla (Solanum Tuberosum Grupo Phureja)

Abstract

From a perspective of the past, agriculture has always participated in the process of economic development in society, both in developed and underdeveloped countries, agriculture has been shown to be the driver of the other economic sectors of the countries. (Perfetti et al., 2013). That is why the World Bank (2007) highlights the role of agriculture and says that it contributes to the general development of nations in three ways: as an economic activity, as a means of subsistence and as a provider of environmental services. The Creole potato as it is known in Colombia belongs to the Solanaceae family, of the species Solanum tuberosum of the Phureja group, a diploid tuber cultivated in cold climate regions such as high areas of the Andean region, where countries such as Peru, Bolivia, and Ecuador stand out. and Colombia, the latter two being the countries that have the greatest diversity of this species. For this reason, in countries like Colombia, entities responsible for preserving the genetic diversity of Solanum phureja and Solanum tuberosum are created; in Colombia, the entity that regulates these processes is AGROSAVIA (Ñústez & Molano, 2020). Regarding the vegetative cycle, it is known that for the Solanum tuberosum phureja group it is approximately 120 days at 2600 meters above sea level, a stage that compared to that of the well-known annual potato is 45 days less, a situation that favors its production, but, for On the other hand, it makes its post-harvest for fresh consumption short (Colombian Federation of Potato Producers & Government of Cundinamarca, 2009), thus demonstrating an absence of the dormancy period. As a consequence of the lack of this stage, metabolic routes are established that participate in the maturation of said tubers, especially the ethylene biosynthesis route, the hormone responsible for the growth and development of Solanum tuberosum. However, this hormone can be regulated from the signaling in various plant tissues, this signaling begins with the binding of ethylene to a multigenic family of receptors, of which the ERS1 gene stands out for the present study, then the person in charge of the phosphorylation cascade is CTR1, a gene related to the response. intracellular EIN2, which will be an activator of ethylene transcription (Hua et al., 1995). Thus, identifying the presence or absence in the expression of genes such as those mentioned above allows us to analyze variations in the metabolic and signaling pathways involved in processes such as maturation.