Análisis multitemporal del Parque Nacional Natural Chingaza para determinar el estado de restauración ecológica de dos ecosistemas.

Abstract

The Chingaza National Natural Park is part of the National Natural Parks System of Colombia. This system is made up of 59 protected areas, 42 of them are Natural National Parks (Ministry of Environment, nd), these cover an extension of 15'962.277 ha for the year 2017 (SIAC, nd), of which 76,600 are part of the PNN Chingaza, that is, 0.47% Area that was declared in Resolution 154 of June 5, 1977 of the Ministry of Agriculture and expanded to its current extent by resolution 0550 of June 19, 1998 of the Ministries of the Environment “By which expands and realindera the Chingaza National Natural Park ”(Ministry of Environment, 1998) Located in the Eastern Cordillera of the Colombian Andes, northeast of Bogotá, between 73 ° 30 'and 73 ° 55' West Longitude and 4 ° 20 'and 4 ° 50' North Latitude, in the jurisdiction of the municipalities from Fómeque, Choachí, Gachalá, Medina, La Calera, Guasca and Junín in the department of Cundinamarca, and from Restrepo, San Juanito, Cumaral and El Calvario in the department of Meta (Galindo Tarazona, and others, 2016); The PNN Chingaza has been affected by actions of human origin which have altered the functioning of the ecosystems that are of vital importance within the park and the areas surrounding it, such as the supply of water to approximately ten million people, the regulation of the water cycle of the Orinoco macrobasin and the cultural conservation of indigenous communities, that is why it is important to propose and implement ecological restoration strategies that contribute to the improvement of the natural coverage of the protected area and for this it is necessary to know changes in coverage over time to zoning the affected coverage and also focus the objectives of the management plan on them. For this, multitemporal analysis is a useful detection technique which is dedicated to locating the modifications of a natural or anthropic phenomenon, which in turn allows the monitoring of other gradual processes such as urban growth or crop dynamics (Chuvieco, 1995), which are some of the most influential problems in the dynamics of the park's ecosystems. To carry out the multitemporal analysis, Landsat satellite images were used to which different improvement and transformation techniques were applied to eliminate noise and highlight important characteristics of the image, supervised and unsupervised classification was performed to later extract the polygons of the different coverages and make the comparison of areas to do the respective analysis.