Diagnóstico de la gestión del riesgo biomecánico para auxiliares y técnicos de los programas territoriales de prevención y control de las enfermedades transmitidas por vectores, Colombia, 2021
Fecha
Autor corporativo
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Compartir
Director
Altmetric
Resumen
Introduction: In the present work, it refers to a diagnosis for the management of biomechanical risk in the territorial programs of diseases transmitted by vectors (ETV) in the Territorial Directorates of Health (DTS), identifying the risks and evaluating the biomechanical dangers of the workers, taking into account account that manipulation of loads, prolonged or maintained postures and repetitive movements of approximately 1,500 assistants and technicians who carry out daily field and administrative activities were evaluated. This is why 24 of the 37 Territorial Health Directorates (DTS) were selected that met the established inclusion criteria and participated in this diagnosis, which include recommendations that can be considered within the health and safety management system. at work under the guidelines of the integrated management systems of ISO 31000:2018 and ISO 45001:2018. When making the pertinent diagnosis, an interest within the DTS should have been taken into account, since it was evidenced that very few have biomechanical risk assessment, since the operators do not have timely training or activities related to the care of the health in terms of postural hygiene and load handling. On theother hand, we want to delve into a professional interest, where the change within the risk factors that DTS workers can change postural hygiene in their daily activities, and avoid musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) is evidenced. The foregoing was achieved by following the reference framework established in ISO 31000, analyzing the external and internal context, identifying the dangers by the Risk Analysis by Trade (ARO) methodology and assessing the risk by the GTC 45 methodology. The Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) methodology and the standardized Nordic questionnaire was applied to detect musculoskeletal symptoms preventively. Descriptive analysis of frequencies, concordance analysis of risk assessment and comparison of proportions of the results according to region, company size and category of the DTS were carried out. Objective: To carry out the diagnosis of biomechanical risk management adapted to the needs of the auxiliaries and technicians of the territorial programs for the prevention and control of vector-borne diseases, Colombia 2021 Methodology: A descriptive, quantitative study was developed, following the reference framework established in ISO 31000. 24 of 37 Territorial Health Directorates (DTS) participated, analyzing the external and internal context, identifying the dangers by the Risk Analysis methodology. by Official (ARO) and assessing the risk by the GTC 45 methodology. Additionally, the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) methodology was applied and the standardized Nordic questionnairewas applied to detect musculoskeletal symptoms in a preventive manner. Descriptive analysis of frequencies, concordance analysis of risk assessment and comparison of proportions of the results according to region, company size and category of the DTS were carried out. Results: In the analysis of the external and internal context, it was adequate in 96% and 25% of the DTS respectively; in the comparative evaluation of the GTC 45 risk matrices, weak agreement was observed in 85.7% of the DTS. In the biomechanical risk assessment with the REBA methodology, the load scores were higher for the positions of the trunk, neck and arms , as well as additional scores for load handling or force greater than 10kg. Regarding the Nordic questionnaire, the segments with the greatest compromise (lower back, followed by the neck, shoulders, hand and wrist and finally with the least compromise elbow and forearm) can be related to the scores mentioned above; overall, 46% of workers reported low back pain. Conclusions: According to the information collected, adequate biomechanical risk management is lacking and no statistically significant differences are observed by region, company size and entity category. It is necessary to update the risk matrix for the technicians and assistants of the ETV territorial programs, in order to correctly identify, assess and control the biomechanical risk. The creation of a management program for the intervention of biomechanical risk related to musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) and a training plan that involves topics to mitigate biomechanical risk and prevent MSD is required. also the creation and implementation of epidemiological surveillance programs in the DTS where the risk materialized (possible occupational disease).