Conocimiento tradicional sobre los hongos Macromicetos en dos comunidades de origen Tsotsil de los Altos de Chiapas, México

Abstract

The present investigation was carried out in two localities of tsotsil origin (Zinacantán and Zacualpa-Ecatepec), and through a characterization of the traditional mycological knowledge in which it was included: classification and traditional nomenclature, uses, phenological and ecological knowledge and system of knowledge transmission, it was determined in which way the traditional mycological knowledge (CMT) was distributed in the two communities. The methodology used included an inductive method where interviews were applied, participant observation was made and ethnomicological tours that allowed to carry out said characterization; and a deductive hypothetical method where, through the implementation of 80 structured interviews designed from 13 CMT indicators, it was assessed how the people of the two localities were grouped starting from different sociodemographic aspects such as the locality, age, occupation and the gender. Multivariate analyzes and statistical tests were performed in the Minitab program, and a principal components analysis in NTSyS 2.11. They showed that there are no significant differences between the two despite having different cultural processes, and factors such as occupation, because people who work in the field know more about fungi, and age because children and young people no longer recognize all the species used, and this is largely reflected in the changes of uses and customs of each locality.