Sistema autónomo de aprovechamiento de energía solar térmica y fotovoltaica para contrarrestar heladas en cultivos agrícolas. Municipio de Saboya Boyacá

Abstract

Frosts have been presenting great losses for farmers in crops throughout history, this project established a solution to this phenomenon in the Savoy region where the primary sector of the industry is the main economic source. By adapting active systems to solar applications (thermal, photovoltaic), an efficient solution was sought, based on the methodologies proposed in books such as "Heat and mass transfer" by Yanus A. Cengel "," Fluid mechanics "by Rober Mott, texts for the calculation of solar panels and collectors among others. Through a brief feedback of the consequences caused by frost and methods already used (active, passive) such as: propellers, stoves, irrigation systems, ridges among others to counteract the phenomenon, a clearer notion of the aforementioned problem was given. . From the implementation of a selection matrix, the appropriate system was chosen from among four proposals, depending on the established criteria that are considered to be of greater relevance, rating from 1 to 4 with 1 being the least convenient and 4 the most convenient. With the power sizing of electrical accessories such as pumps or fans according to the selected system, in addition to additional components such as solenoid valves, relays, timers or other necessary objects, the number of batteries and photovoltaic panels that must be implemented for the proper operation of the system; additionally the solar collectors as well as the fluid storage tank are an important factor because it is desired to raise the temperature of the liquid to guarantee greater protection to the crops. From the cost-benefit relationship, an approximation was made to the value of the project, with which a profit percentage was established, after which the investment return calculation allowed determining the time of is contributing to the viability decision for the implementation of the system by the farmer.