Estrategia de enseñanza para la transformación de la energía solar y la energía química del agua en energía eléctrica

Abstract

Alternative energies have emerged in response to the growing need to generate electrical energy with energy sources other than traditional fossil energies that have caused environmental deterioration to increase significantly. Teaching alternative energies not only provides the knowledge necessary to address this challenge, but also encourages critical thinking by developing environmental awareness. This degree work proposes an interdisciplinary approach to teach the transformation of solar energy and water chemistry into electrical energy, integrating physical, chemical, pedagogical and didactic concepts. The main objective of this research is to design and build teaching strategies that promote the understanding of physical and chemical phenomenologies underlying these transformation processes, using a qualitative methodology in order to establish a case study taking into account the construction of theoretical references to be able to support and implement the experimental part of each of the phenomena studied. In order to develop the teaching material necessary for the application of the knowledge acquired through the implementation of practical activities in the classroom. The transformation of solar energy into electrical energy through the photovoltaic effect and the conversion of the chemical energy of water into electricity through electrolysis become a teaching method about the law of conservation of energy. Through the study and investigation of the photovoltaic effect, important phenomenologies in physics can be addressed, such as the electromotive force (EMF), the theory of semiconductors and the band model, which were used in the development of the research as explanatory models of the transformation of solar energy. Likewise with the physical and chemical study of the entire transformation of the chemical energy of water through the foundation of electrolysis and the reduction and oxidation (redox) processes. It is possible to establish fundamental variables that directly affect the operation of the solar cells, such as the area, the light intensity, the material of the cells and the wavelength of the light, this result is given after all the close review. of the disciplinary references that underpin the conversion of solar energy. Likewise, thanks to the study carried out, comprehensive teaching resources can be built to ensure that the pedagogical strategy is effective in identifying and correcting misleading notions about the energy transformations to be worked on.