Sistemas electrónicos necesarios para la conversión de un vehículo de combustión interna a eléctrico, mediante el control de un motor trifásico, optimizando el uso de la energía mediante el freno regenerativo

Abstract

This research project presents the development of a prototype or experimental platform that emulates the powertrain of an electric vehicle, replacing the internal combustion engine with an electric system. The prototype consists of a bidirectional direct current (DC) source that simulates the supply and energy recovery of a real electric vehicle. Furthermore, an asynchronous machine is used as the propulsion motor and energy recovery generator, controlled by a three-phase inverter through the real-time simulation platform Opal RT. To assess its dynamics, tests were conducted with different speed and acceleration profiles, such as the FTP75 standard and a mountain profile. The results allow understanding the behavior and performance of the system under various operating conditions. The design methodology developed in this research offers a detailed guide to efficiently address the construction of electric vehicles. It focuses on selecting appropriate components, integrating control systems, and analyzing energy efficiency. It is important to mention that the prototype was developed using resources available at the Faculty of Engineering of Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas. Although some budget limitations are acknowledged, a functional prototype that meets the project's objectives was achieved. With greater financial support, improvements and advanced technologies for the system could be considered, as well as comparative studies with different configurations and components.