Examinando por Materia "Suelos -- Contenido de metales pesados"
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Ítem Propuesta metodológica para calcular la carga de metales pesados resuspendidos a partir del sedimento depositado en vías de la ciudad de BogotáRamírez Polo, Diego Andrés; Penagos Corrales, Rafael Santiago; Zafra Mejía, Carlos Alfonso; 0000-0002-4061-4897Pollution by heavy metals (HMs) in the soil, water resources and air represents one of the biggest public and environmental health problems at the global and local levels. In the field of measurement and identification of this phenomenon in the field of air quality, it is currently little addressed and studied in Colombia. The purpose of this research is to propose a methodology that determines the potentially re-suspendable load of HMs from urban road deposited sediments (RDS), which can generate potential impacts on public health and air quality. A systematic literature review was carried out between the years 2000-2020. The results show the following order of importance for the categories detected in the methods to estimate the loads of resuspended HMs from the RDS: Aspirate methodology (15.0%) > sampling tubes with filter (7.50%) > methodology vacuuming and sweeping (5.00%), soil samples (5.00%) > sweeping methodology (2.50%). Regarding the laboratory analysis methodologies for re-suspendable HM samples from the RDS, the findings show the following order of importance: Inductively coupled plasma spectrometry (70.4%) > atomic absorption spectrometry (14.8%) > ion chromatography (7.40%) > X-ray powder diffraction (3.70%) and thermal ionization mass spectrometry (3.70%). The results suggest the following order of importance worldwide in HM studies associated with urban VS: Pb > Cu > Zn > Cd > Ni > Cr. Indeed, Pb (56.4%), Cu (53.8 %) and Zn (53.8%) are the HMs of greatest interest worldwide, possibly because they show significant correlations with other HMs detected in the RDS (for example, Cr and Ni). In this study, we propose a methodology to determine the fraction of HMs potentially re-suspendable from the RDS from a washing equation that quantifies the portion washed during the runoff event proposed by Zafra et al. (2017). The results obtained using the methodology to determine the re-suspendable fraction and the simplified method suggest that the potential load of HMs carried by RDS runoff averaged between 16.6 and 46.3% (Mn, Cd, Zn, Cu, Ba, Pb, Co, Ni, Fe, and Cr. Fe, Pb, and Cu). These are the HMs that contribute the highest percentage to be resuspended on average in the two study areas. The fraction smaller than 250 μm contributes with an average of 86.7% of the potential load of HMs carried by the runoff of the RDS, the remaining 13.3% is contributed by the SV size fraction greater than or equal to 250 μm. The solid and dissolved fractions contribute with 70.7 and 29.3% of the potential load of HMs dragged by the runoff of the RDS, respectively. In the same way, the results obtained using the methodology to determine the re-suspendable fraction suggest that the potential load with the possibility of being re-suspendable of HMs averaged between 53.7 and 83.4 %. Finally, by subtracting from the total fraction of RDS the portion washed away by runoff events, the dry fraction of RDS with a load of HMs potentially re-suspendable to the environment was obtained. Using the methodology to determine the re-suspendable dry fraction, they suggest that the potentially resuspendable load of MPs averaged between 53.7 and 83.4 %, where the HMs that would contribute the most to said load on the road surfaces studied were: Fe (79, 4%), Pb (75.5%) and Zn (71.1%).