Parámetros de seguridad y salud en el trabajo en la Industria de construcción de Bogotá enfocado en los adultos mayores

Abstract

Older adults working in construction sites are people who feel physically and emotionally capable of performing this work, but at the same time they present conditions inherent to the natural aging process. Therefore, occupational health and safety conditions must be guaranteed to allow them to perform their activities adequately, taking into account their physiological, psychological and sociological characteristics, in order to improve the productivity of the companies and reduce the risk of getting sick or having an accident. The objective of the project was to identify the occupational health and safety parameters that can be incorporated in the OSHMS for the promotion of health and prevention of diseases and accidents in the elderly linked to the building construction sector in Bogota. The method was a narrative review of scientific and institutional literature. It was found that in Bogota 7% of the employed population is linked to the construction sector, that in Colombia 17% of older people work, that in Spain 20.1% of construction workers were older than 50 years in 2011 and that given the aging process of the population and the increase in the pension age, it is to be expected that a greater number of older adults will join the sector. The Prevalence of occupational disease in the sector for 2019 was 42.6 cases per 100,000 workers, the accident rate for that year was 6.4 %, these indicators may be associated with the various risk factors identified by the authors in this economic activity, including biomechanical, physical, chemical and psychosocial. The authors also report that 32.3% of the companies do not develop their OSHMS. Institutions such as the ILO have formulated guidelines for the protection of older workers, which were taken into account in the elaboration of the proposed guidelines framed in the PHVA cycle. It is recommended to increase the coverage of access to old age pensions for all older people who meet the age defined by law. The second conclusion is that formal employment should be promoted for the elderly who, using their autonomy and whose physiological and cognitive conditions are compatible with the work to be done, should be linked to the labor market, which implies their affiliation to all the components of Social Security. The territorial health directorates, within the framework of their competencies, should carry out health promotion and disease prevention actions for workers linked to the informal sector of the economy. It is recommended that all the components of the PHVA cycle have a life cycle stage approach, in such a way that actions aimed at older workers are identified, in conditions of equity with respect to other age groups