Diseño de un Sistema C-UAS para la neutralización de UAS No identificados. Caso de estudio Aeropuerto El Dorado, Bogotá, Colombia

Abstract

The growing threat of Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS), commonly known as drones, to airport security and operations is a significant challenge in Colombia. UAS flights near airports require the adoption of robust defense solutions to prevent collisions, disruption of air operations, and the risk of unauthorized surveillance. To address this problem, a Counter Unmanned Aircraft System (CUAS) was designed for El Dorado International Airport in Bogotá, focusing on neutralizing hostile drones through jamming. The HTZ Warfare software was used, employing high-precision inputs such as digital terrain models (DTMs), building footprints (BGLs), clutter layers, and ITU-R P.452-18 propagation models. Through simulation of the coverage of 13 strategically placed jammers, an effective neutralization area was determined within the airport environment. The direction-finding (DF) detection system was described theoretically, although not implemented in the practical phase. Validation by a telecommunications expert highlighted a 98% reliability of the design, blocking 2.4 GHz control signals from 2 to 120 m in altitude throughout the airport area, subject to field conditions and operational feasibility. Furthermore, a survey revealed a favorable perception of the implementation of these systems in civil airports. It is concluded that the integration of high-precision simulation tools allows for the evaluation of viable and effective solutions for mitigating UAS threats in critical infrastructure.