Prevalencia de cáncer de tiroides por exposición a radiación ionizante en tecnólogos del área de radiología clínica. Revisión bibliográfica

Abstract

Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine tumor in the world, being the sixth most frequent cancer in the general population and the fifth among women with a global incidence rate in 2014 of 6.1 per 100,000 women, it has a low mortality and is related to multiple risk factors, including its sensitivity to ionizing radiation, especially X-rays. (Hernández Florez, 2018) Occupational exposure to ionizing radiation has been found in some economic activities, such as in mining, manufacturing and use of X-ray equipment, industrial radiography in which they use X-ray equipment or other sources of gamma ray emission, radioisotope production plants, health personnel among others.In the current literature and in the scientific studies carried out there have not been evidenced cases of thyroid cancer where its cause is due to occupational exposure to ionizing radiation, especially in the area of ​​clinical radiology, however Cases of the disease following the nuclear accident that occurred at the Vladimir Ilyich Lenin nuclear plant in northern Ukraine known as the Chernobyl accident in 1986 have been reported, even 30 years after this event, cases of thyroid cancer of the type papillary, in the general and occupational population that was exposed to this radioactive fallout.