Sujetos transindividuales y contradicciones ideológicas de las infancias y del conflicto armado; una aproximación sociocrítica a la literatura infantil colombiana

Abstract

This research makes a sociocritical approach to three children´s books by the Colombian writer Gerardo Meneses Claros, La Luna en los Almendros (2012), Rojo era el color de mamá (2013) and Bajo la luna de Mayo (2016). In this way, it pretends to determine in the textual structure, the world visions and the ideological tensions around childhood and the Colombian armed conflict. From the theoretical postulates of the French Edmond Cros, the central components of the sociocriticism influenced by structuralism and marxism were developed. In this way, this qualitative research with a hermeneutical approach established its methodological design from three phases: a structuralist analysis based on the significance codes by Barthes, then a dichotomous analysis from the categories: Childhood-Adulthood, Wealth-Poverty, Innocence-Violence and Urbanity-Rurality, and finally, a contrast between the discursive practices in the three children´s books and the Colombian context based on the Ideological State Apparatuses. Based on that, it is evident how contemporary discursive practices around childhood and the armed conflict consolidate the phenomenon of children's literature of violence in Colombia. Also, it is observed that these three children´s books as a discursive practice, reproduce the dominant ideologies disseminated by the Ideological State Apparatus establishing the ideological contradictions of Colombian society from four perspectives: the establishment of social roles, economic inequality, the centralization of urbanity and the insurgent discourse Finally, these three children´s books show an aesthetic manifestation of literature permeated by the human condition of overcoming, resilience, joy and hope in the midst of adversity.