Diseño de un modelo para la evaluación de necesidades básicas insatisfechas, la injusticia espacial y sustentabilidad del pueblo wayuu a través de la caracterización geoespacial

Abstract

The Wayuu people, recognized as the largest indigenous population in Colombia, have ancestrally inhabited the Guajira Peninsula, a vast, arid territory that stretches across the northeast of the country and shares a historical and cultural border with Venezuela. Organized socially under a matrilineal and clan-based system, the Wayuu have developed strategies for adapting to an arid environment over centuries. However, in recent decades, La Guajira has become the epicenter of a complex and prolonged humanitarian crisis, marked by alarming indicators across multiple dimensions of human well-being. The situation is characterized by persistently high infant mortality rates, critical levels of acute and chronic malnutrition, a chronic shortage of safe drinking water, severely limited access to basic services such as health and sanitation, and increasing socio-environmental pressures stemming from climate change and extractive activities. This crisis disproportionately and systematically affects the Wayuu people, whose fundamental rights to health, food, water, and a healthy environment are continually violated. It is crucial to understand that the challenges faced by the Wayuu people cannot be analyzed in isolation. Health, food security, access to water, and mobility patterns are deeply interconnected, forming a complex web of factors that determine both the vulnerability and resilience of these communities. The lack of safe water directly impacts nutrition and the incidence of infectious diseases; food insecurity weakens overall health; and mobility, whether traditional or forced, limits access to essential resources and services