Tomografía computarizada: proceso de adquisición, tecnología y estado actual
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Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas. Colombia
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La tomografía computarizada (CT) es una técnica de escaneo no invasivo ampliamente aplicada en sectores como la medicina, la industria y la geología. Esta técnica permite la reconstrucción tridimensional de la estructura interna de un objeto que es iluminado con una fuente de rayos-X. La reconstrucción se forma con imágenes bidimensionales de cortes transversales del objeto. Cada corte se obtiene a partir de las medidas de fenómenos físicos como la atenuación, la dispersión y la difracción de los rayos-X, como resultado de la interacción con el objeto. En general, la adquisición de las medidas se realiza con métodos basados en alguno de estos fenómenos y empleando diversas arquitecturas clasificadas en generaciones. Por otro lado, en respuesta a la necesidad de simular sistemas de adquisición para CT se ha desarrollado software dedicado a esta tarea. El objetivo de este artículo es determinar el estado actual de las técnicas de CT, para esto, se presenta una revisión de los métodos, las distintas arquitecturas usadas para la adquisición y algunas de sus aplicaciones. Adicionalmente, se presentan los resultados de simulaciones realizadas. Las principales contribuciones de este trabajo son la descripción detallada de los métodos de adquisición y la presentación de las posibles tendencias de la técnica en general.
Computed tomography is a noninvasive scan technique widely applied in areas such as medicine, industry, and geology. This technique allows the three-dimensional reconstruction of the internal structure of an object which is lighted with an X-rays source. The reconstruction is formed with two-dimensional cross-sectional images of the object. Each cross-sectional is obtained from measurements of physical phenomena, such as attenuation, dispersion, and diffraction of X-rays, as result of their interaction with the object. In general, measurements acquisition is performed with methods based on any of these phenomena and according to various architectures classified in generations. Furthermore, in response to the need to simulate acquisition systems for CT, software dedicated to this task has been developed. The objective of this research is to determine the current state of CT techniques, for this, a review of methods, different architectures used for the acquisition and some of its applications is presented. Additionally, results of simulations are presented. The main contributions of this work are the detailed description of acquisition methods and the presentation of the possible trends of the technique.
Computed tomography is a noninvasive scan technique widely applied in areas such as medicine, industry, and geology. This technique allows the three-dimensional reconstruction of the internal structure of an object which is lighted with an X-rays source. The reconstruction is formed with two-dimensional cross-sectional images of the object. Each cross-sectional is obtained from measurements of physical phenomena, such as attenuation, dispersion, and diffraction of X-rays, as result of their interaction with the object. In general, measurements acquisition is performed with methods based on any of these phenomena and according to various architectures classified in generations. Furthermore, in response to the need to simulate acquisition systems for CT, software dedicated to this task has been developed. The objective of this research is to determine the current state of CT techniques, for this, a review of methods, different architectures used for the acquisition and some of its applications is presented. Additionally, results of simulations are presented. The main contributions of this work are the detailed description of acquisition methods and the presentation of the possible trends of the technique.
Palabras clave
acquisition methods, computed tomography, medical imaging X-ray, Imágenes médicas, métodos de adquisición, rayos-X, tomografía computarizada.