Análisis de la caracterización de residuos solidos en los cementerios distritales de la ciudad de Bogotá

Abstract

The Special Administrative Unit of Public Services (UAESP) guarantees the provision of cleaning, lighting and funeral services in facilities in Bogotá, this unit plans, manages and verifies the collection, sweeping and cleaning, use, final disposal and final services of the solid waste in the city. Integrated waste management is the term applied to all activities associated with the management of the various waste streams within society, its basic goal is to manage them in such a way that they are compatible with the environment and public health; This waste is definitively defined in the General Law for the Prevention and Integral Management of Waste (LGPGIR) as those materials or products whose owner or possessor disposes of and that are in a solid or semi-solid, liquid or gaseous state and that are contained in containers or deposits, may be capable of being valued or require subject to treatment or final disposal in accordance with the provisions therein. That is why this management has become a priority issue for the country within a wide range of factors that are related to environmental problems. Solid waste management is carried out by collecting the daily production of waste from a place, where the waste generated by a certain population is quantified and analyzed, this varies according to factors such as socioeconomic stratum, productive activity, location and the population density. The foregoing is executed through the characterization, defined by decree 1713 of 2002 that describes the "Determination of the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of solid waste, identifying its contents and properties" where it specifies the physicochemical and biological parameters that must be analyzed in the control of waste generated by the study population, which will be the basis for decision-making on its use, treatment and final disposal (Montoya: 2012). In recent years, strategies have been created that help reinforce the construction and operation of cemeteries that promote environmental protection, in order to mitigate the impact generated by their environment. In 2015 in the municipality of Rosal Cundinamarca, the formulation of the solid waste management plan in the public cemetery was carried out with a focus on environmental problems, among which is the proliferation of vectors, unpleasant odors and contamination by waste, in order to create different alternatives to give an adequate management to the different residues generated in the activities of the cemetery; For the above, the Solid Waste Comprehensive Management Plan (PGIRS) was articulated to the use of waste with the other components of the cleaning service, with the respective formulation of programs and projects, for the recovery of waste and the investment priorities to short, medium and long term, as proposed by Decree 400 of 2004 "By which the efficient use of solid waste produced in district entities is promoted" Cemeteries, being places of interest for all populations, without differences, generate great amount of waste from its environment, which is why this paper evaluates the characterization of solid waste in the district cemeteries of the city of Bogotá, collected by quartering by the Special Administrative Unit of Public Services (UAESP) in the internship with agreement No. XX in the South Cemetery, North Cemetery, Central Cemetery and Serafin Cemetery, analyzing in each r ecoleccion physicochemical parameters and the type of waste generated.