Apoyo en el desarrollo de un modelo de simulación de vertimiento de agua residual doméstica a fuente superficial

Abstract

Simulation is a very useful digital tool, it allows to represent impacts to the environment generated by man, in addition to having a broader picture when making a decision on a project that generates damage to the environment. With the simulation it is possible to evaluate the behavior of a discharge and of the water body that receives it at through time, taking into account natural dynamics, climatic factors and the physical-chemical conditions in which each one is found, to make it as real as possible. Thanks to this, it is possible to have a better planning and organization of natural resources to prevent and avoid environmental disasters. To legally support the reason for the simulation, decree 50 of 2018 was taken into account which mentions that the simulation must be performed according to the National Guide for Water Resource Modeling with some free software, also decree 1076 of 2015 was taken into account, which sets the guidelines and all the considerations that must be taken at the time of submitting the application for a discharge permit to the environmental authority. Resolution 631 of 2015, which shows the maximum allowable values of concentrations of substances and chemical compounds of organic and inorganic origin; in addition, the quality objectives of the Rio de Oro were taken into account, which establish maximum allowable values of physicochemical and water quality parameters, to evaluate the behavior of the drainage and the river after receiving the discharge, to verify that it does not generate negative impacts to the water resource or the environment. The model used is QUAL2Kw, this tool allows to simulate the impact of pollution in rivers and streams, to determine the degree of pollution of a riverbed among other functions. Some of the limitations that arose in the development of the project are related to the hydrometeorological information at the point of study and in nearby areas, because some stations had very recent data and others had the necessary data but were far from the point of interest, another difficulty is that the discharge permit was managed in another city and there was no opportunity to know the project, or to make technical visits that help to strengthen learning. Among the results, it is important to highlight that the drainage has the necessary conditions for the project.