Diseño y elaboración de estudios de iluminación, red de baja tensión y sistema fotovoltaico asociado para proyecto de la estación de servicio Texaco Casablanca

Abstract

In recent decades the world has experienced the development of different technological advances that have been strongly marked by the trend in society to acquire products and services that go beyond the primary needs of people, these advances bring great improvements in the quality of life, but they have had an impact on the environment to such an extent that the planet has been put in "check" due to excessive consumerism, mass production and misuse of resources. Given that the demand and supply of electrical energy is strongly linked to the development of society, this has also contributed to the affectation of the planet and its natural resources, since until a few years ago the primary energy sources that were developed in the world They were fossil fuels. According to the United Nations report, among the outstanding data worldwide is that: 1) 13% of the world population still does not have access to electrical energy services; 2) Around 3 billion people depend on wood, coal, charcoal or animal waste to cook and heat their food. 4) Energy is the main contributor to climate change, accounting for about 60% of all global greenhouse gas emissions. 5) Air pollution in closed premises due to the use of fuels for domestic energy caused 4.3 million deaths in 2012, 6 out of 10 of these were women and girls[1]. Due to the negative impacts on the environment that have occurred due to the use of conventional energy sources (oil, coal, natural gas), the world considered carrying out an energy transition as one of the objectives in order to achieve sustainable development. This is why the generation of energy through the use of clean and unconventional energies have gained great strength, since it brings with it climatic, economic, and public health benefits, among others.[2]. At the national level, different activities have also been developed to increasingly venture into the use of non-conventional energies, this in order to diversify the energy matrix and contribute to obtaining sustainable and environmentally friendly development. One of the main non-conventional sources of electricity generation used around the world is from solar light radiation, which is based on obtaining direct current through photovoltaic cells through the physical phenomenon known as the photovoltaic effect. The amount of energy they generate is directly proportional to the solar irradiation that falls on the photovoltaic collector surface [3]. Service stations (EDS) play an important role in the Colombian territory, the implementation of them increases as commercial and territorial growth occurs. For this reason, efforts have been made to improve the electrical installations of these projects, incorporating renewable energy sources that reduce the use of conventional energy, take advantage of the limited area available, and meet the needs required by the EDS in order to provide a safe and efficient service. both for the client and its workers and all kinds of life in its environment. Considering the aspects mentioned above, in the present work the studies and designs of lighting, low voltage network and consideration of a photovoltaic system that takes advantage of solar radiation to supply the greatest amount of load that is possible considering the "wasted" area will be carried out. ” of the canopy of the texaco casablanca service station located in the municipality of Cajicá.