Líquenes como bioindicadores en la evaluación de la calidad del aire en cinco colegios públicos ubicados en las principales vías de la ciudad de Bogotá D.C.

Abstract

For the evaluation of air quality through lichens as bioindicators, samples were taken in five public schools located on main roads in the city of Bogotá. For this, the mesh method was used, which consists of the selection of 10 trees (forófitos) and in each one it is placed, at an approximate height of 80 cm from the floor, a 50cm x 20cm mesh, divided into 10 10x10cm squares. In these, the species and liquid individuals present were recorded and recorded on technical sheets; in addition, samples of forófitos and lichen were collected to determine them until species. With this identification, the environmental purity index (IPA) for each forophyte and the average IPA for each school were calculated, the Shannon-Wiener index in each site was also calculated, to measure the biodiversity present in them. With the calculated indices the level of contamination (IPA) and the liquid abundance (Shannon-Wiener) are obtained, allowing to know the environmental quality of each study site, which depends on factors such as the location of the school, the type of forófito and Lichen found, the meteorology of the area, among others. Finally, with the results obtained from air pollution, recommendations were made for educational institutions, oriented to appropriate technologies to be used for the reduction of air pollution, changes in the habits of the recurring population in the institutions and finally for the location and construction conditions for future schools in the city.