Determination about vulnerability seismic index in the Ciudad Bolívar housing by a qualitative method
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Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas
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A continuación presento los resultados del proyecto de investigación denominado Análisis de Vulnerabilidad Sísmica de las Viviendas de Ciudad Bolívar y sus posibles soluciones de acuerdo con el método cualitátivo. Esta metodología fue empleada para determinar los índices de vulnerabilidad sísmica en edificaciones de mampostería, proyecto realizado en algunos barrios de la localidad de Ciudad Bolívar con el auspicio de la Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas.Para el desarrollo del estudio se tomó una muestra de 300 viviendas. La población estudiada pertenece a varios barrios de la localidad 19. El sector visitado permitió conocer las características constructivas de las viviendas y cuál puede ser la respuesta o, la reacción de la población ante un evento natural. Los datos preliminares permitieron seleccionar una muestra específica de 100 viviendas, en la cual se logró representar las tipologías estructurales y constructivas presentes en las viviendas de la población estudiada, al igual que las formaciones geológicas superficiales sobre las cuales se encuentran asentadas.En el desarrollo del proyecto se empleó el método cualitativo, propuesto por la Asociación de Ingeniería Sísmica (AIS), -a partir de la adaptación de las características particulares observadas. Esta metodología se aplicó a las viviendas de la muestra específica. Con base en este procedimiento y en el análisis de los aspectos más incidentes en la vulnerabilidad de las 100 viviendas, se diseñó un procedimiento simplificado para evaluar el grado de vulnerabilidad de las viviendas de la población estudiada.Como resultado de este estudio, se determinó que el 76% de las viviendas de la población estudiada son altamente vulnerables y que 56 de ellás pueden representar un riesgo para las personas, incluso antes de que ocurra un sismo fuerte, debido a la inestabilidad de los elementos estructurales y no estructurales con fallas graves, que afectan el comportamiento y la funcionalidad de estas edificaciones. El estudio reveló que-la situación de las viviendas de ciudad Bolívar es de alto riesgo, ya que en una población de 100 viviendas, se identificaron 37 altamente vulnerables. También se observó que el nivel de daños y el grado de vulnerabilidad sísmica de las edificaciones evaluadas están correlacionados con el comportamiento de los suelos, en interacción con la mala calidad estructural y constructiva y el deterioro progresivo de los elementos estructurales y no estructurales.
Next I present the results of a research project named Analysis of Housing Vulnerability Seismic in the Ciudad Bolivar District and its possible solutions according to qualitative method, in order to determine the vulnerability seis index in the rubblework buildings. This project was carry out in some districts of Ciudad Bolivar. With the auspice of The Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas. To develop this research a sample in 300 housings was taken, the studied population was taken from different districts on 19 locality, the visited section permitted to know the housing construction characteristics which can be the answers or the reaction in front of a nature event. The preliniinary facts permit to select a specific sample from 100 housings which got represent the structure kind and the constructions present in the housings in the study population as a shallow geological formation in which are settled. The methodology used in developing this Project was a qualitative method, proposed by the Engineering Seismic Association (ESA), from the adaptation of the the specifics characteristics saw. Taking into account this procedure and the analysis of the most important aspects and the housing vulnerability of these 100 houses, was designed a procedure simplifying to evaluate the vulnerability grade in the houses of the studied population. As a result of this study it was determined that the 76% of the housings from the studied population are extremely vulnerable and that 56 from them can represent a risk for the people, even before that occurs a strong seismic by the instability of the structural elements and the no structural element with serious failures that affect thé behavior and the functionalism of these housings. Besides the study showed that the sitüation. of the Ciudad Bolivar housings presents a higher risk. In 100 houses they were identified 37 extremely vulnerable. Also it was identified that the level of damages saw and the vulnerability seismic in the evaluated houses are connected with the bad structural and construction quality_ and.the progressive rdamage óf the structural and no structural elements.
Next I present the results of a research project named Analysis of Housing Vulnerability Seismic in the Ciudad Bolivar District and its possible solutions according to qualitative method, in order to determine the vulnerability seis index in the rubblework buildings. This project was carry out in some districts of Ciudad Bolivar. With the auspice of The Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas. To develop this research a sample in 300 housings was taken, the studied population was taken from different districts on 19 locality, the visited section permitted to know the housing construction characteristics which can be the answers or the reaction in front of a nature event. The preliniinary facts permit to select a specific sample from 100 housings which got represent the structure kind and the constructions present in the housings in the study population as a shallow geological formation in which are settled. The methodology used in developing this Project was a qualitative method, proposed by the Engineering Seismic Association (ESA), from the adaptation of the the specifics characteristics saw. Taking into account this procedure and the analysis of the most important aspects and the housing vulnerability of these 100 houses, was designed a procedure simplifying to evaluate the vulnerability grade in the houses of the studied population. As a result of this study it was determined that the 76% of the housings from the studied population are extremely vulnerable and that 56 from them can represent a risk for the people, even before that occurs a strong seismic by the instability of the structural elements and the no structural element with serious failures that affect thé behavior and the functionalism of these housings. Besides the study showed that the sitüation. of the Ciudad Bolivar housings presents a higher risk. In 100 houses they were identified 37 extremely vulnerable. Also it was identified that the level of damages saw and the vulnerability seismic in the evaluated houses are connected with the bad structural and construction quality_ and.the progressive rdamage óf the structural and no structural elements.
Palabras clave
Seismic vulnerability, seismic risk, qualitative mahod, structures, environ- ment threat by mass remotion., Seismic vulnerability, seismic risk, qualitative mahod, structures, environment threat by mass remotion., Vulnerabilidad sísmica, riesgo sísmico, método cualitativo, tipologías, estructuras, entorno, amenaza por remoción en masa, Vulnerabilidad sísmica, riesgo sísmico, método cualitativo, tipologías, estructuras, entorno, amenaza por remoción en masa.