Modelo de biofertilización como alternativa de manejo sustentable de los agroecosistemas de papa criolla: finca El Capricho (El Rosal, Cundinamarca).

Abstract

In Colombia, potato cultivation represents an important economic source for thousands of peasant families, reaching average annual yields of 22.31 tons/ha. However, the management of this crop is maintained under conventional practices that have negatively affected the soil and water sources. Therefore, the objective of this research is to analyze the response of a Creole potato agroecosystem when implementing a biofertilization model as an alternative for sustainable management. For this, a biofertilization model was proposed, under a pilot test that consisted of 5 treatments: control without inoculum and without chemical fertilization, treatment with a dose of 0% chemical fertilizer plus inoculum, 60% chemical fertilizer plus inoculum and 80% of chemical fertilizer plus inoculum with two. It was found that there are statistically significant differences between the variables of the soil-plant relationship category such as the height of the plants, the number of stems and the total nitrogen in leaves, at the level of the physicochemical properties of the soil, no differences were found in the majority of the analyzed variables. The combined biofertilization model (inoculum and chemical fertilization at 60%) presented the best performance in the variables of the ecological dimension -physicochemical (soil) and biological (soil plant relationship and soil microfauna) of the agroecosystem-. Regarding the economic aspect, the combined model (inoculum and chemical fertilization at 60%) obtained the best yield, being the highest with 7865 kg ha-1, implying better profitability for the farmer. It is concluded that the implementation of a management model that includes biofertilization is sustainable by reducing investment costs and reducing the addition of chemical fertilization in the soil by 40%, which implies not only an improvement in the profitability perceived by the farmer, but also less impact on the ecosystem.