Aplicaciones cuantitativas del método fotoelástico de tensiones en el análisis de esfuerzos para elementos de secciones atípicas y elaboración de guía de laboratorio

Abstract

The present work of degree shows the basic principles for the adequate development of the photoelastic analysis, as well as the considerations of the mechanics of materials and optical physics, necessary for the proper application of the method. It is clear that this type of analysis has come into disuse since the computer revolution with the appearance of more complex, more capable and faster software, which allow to solve systems such as those studied here with relative ease, delivering more precise and less ambiguous results. With the development of the present work of degree the applicability of the photoelastic method of tensions in the laboratory was determined comparing its results with the method of finite elements, using the specialized software ANSYS® R17.2 Academic, which in its version for students Allows to develop different types of analysis as required for this project. Once the respective analysis of the different methods mentioned above was carried out, we proceeded to compare each other, finding that the differences presented are small and quantitatively negligible. At the conclusion of the present degree, the Francisco José De Caldas District University will be given the guide to be able to do the practice of "photoelastic tensile tests with transmission polariscope" in a quantitative way, since to date it is purely qualitative. This in order to enhance a better and adequate study of the photoelasticity or elastoptics, and thus promote a series of further research, from the present project.