Análisis epidemiológico-espacial de los determinantes de la neumonía en Bogotá (2004-2014)

Abstract

Bogotá, the capital and largest city of Colombia by population constantly fights against easily transmitted and endemic-epidemic diseases that lead to enormous public health problems. One of the groups of diseases that presents relevant concern in the district is the respiratory diseases whose cyclical behavior in their dynamics and its close relationship with the socioeconomic, climatic and environmental city factor threaten the well-being of the population and result in alarming mortality rates. Pneumonia is currently the leading cause of mortality of respiratory diseases in Bogota and its recurrence has been partially explained by biological or behavioral factors, which has not allowed to mitigate its incidence in Bogota’s population. The present study identifies a series of environmental, socioeconomic, behavioral and health determinants whose interaction through space has an impact on the mortality rate from pneumonia in the counties of Bogotá in a discrete period from 2004 to 2014. Spatial dependence and spatial heterogeneity analyses were carried out using spatial autoregressive models and geographically weighted regressions incorporating previously identified environmental, socioeconomic, behavioral and health predictors. The results show that environmental factors such as temperature, socioeconomic factors such as life quality, school attendance and housing quality, behavioral factors such as sports practicing and health factors such as the number of IPS and vaccination against Haemophilus influenzae type B are significant in the regressive models and explain in a certain proportion the morality rate for pneumonia. It also reveals the importance of the spatial dependence of the disease through Bogotá and the need to create localized public policies that consider the factors found in this study.